Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses with wide host ranges. Human polyomaviruses typically cause asymptomatic infection and establish persistence but can be reactivated under certain conditions and cause severe diseases. Most well studied polyomaviruses encode a viral miRNA that regulates viral replication and pathogenesis by targeting both viral early genes and host genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of polyomavirus miRNAs involved in virus infection. We review in detail the regulation of polyomavirus miRNA expression, as well as the role polyomavirus miRNAs play in viral pathogenesis by controlling both host and viral gene expression. An overview of the potential application of polyomavirus miRNA as a marker for the progression of polyomaviruses associated diseases and polyomaviruses reactivation is also included.
Highlights
Polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses with wide host ranges
Both miRNAs produced from the pre-miRNA of polyomaviruses function to downregulate the expression of the viral early genes, which is unlike human miRNAs in which one strand of the miRNA duplex is generally degraded (Schwarz et al, 2003)
We focus on the regulation of polyomavirus miRNA expression, the function of polyomavirus miRNA in viral pathogenesis or oncogenesis, and the potential clinical application of polyomavirus miRNA as a marker for polyomavirus infection or reactivation
Summary
Polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses with wide host ranges. Human polyomaviruses typically cause asymptomatic infection and establish persistence but can be reactivated under certain conditions and cause severe diseases. Most well studied polyomaviruses encode a viral miRNA that regulates viral replication and pathogenesis by targeting both viral early genes and host genes. We summarize the current knowledge of polyomavirus miRNAs involved in virus infection. We review in detail the regulation of polyomavirus miRNA expression, as well as the role polyomavirus miRNAs play in viral pathogenesis by controlling both host and viral gene expression. An overview of the potential application of polyomavirus miRNA as a marker for the progression of polyomaviruses associated diseases and polyomaviruses reactivation is included. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Virology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
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