Abstract
PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP), a novel nuclear protein, is involved in vital cellular processes like cell proliferation and mediates tumorigenesis. PCNP is a short-living, small nuclear protein of only 178 amino acids with two remarkable PEST sequences that are rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T). The current understanding of PCNP reveals that PCNP has the ability to interact with cell cycle regulatory proteins; tumor suppressors (p53 and pRB), and promoters (cyclin E and cyclin D) to determine the fate of tissues to facilitate the process of either apoptosis or cell proliferation. In many preclinical studies, it has been evaluated that PCNP expression has associations with the development and progression of various cancers like neuroblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer. Based on these depicted novel roles of PCNP in cell cycleregulation and of PCNP in tumorigenesis, it is logical to consider PCNP as a potential molecular target for cancer research. The aim of the current communication is to present an update on PCNP research and discussion on the potential role of PCNP in cancer development with challenges and opportunities perspectives. Considering the available evidence as a baseline for our statement, we anticipate that in the future, new research insights will strengthen the aim to develop PCNP-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that will move the PCNP from the laboratory to the cancer clinic.
Highlights
To maintain normal continuity of cell life, nuclear proteins (NPs) have central importance in regulating vital innate mechanisms
Some of the PEST-NPs are primarily involved in regulating cancer metabolism by interfering with key signaling pathways and cancer-immune mechanisms via apoptosis and autophagy [7]
PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP) interactions with reported proteins have been partially elucidated, and there are still many problems that have not been solved, such as: a) whether UHRF2 ubiquitination of PCNP leads to its degradation by the proteasome or whether UHRF2 can affect some cancers; and b) whether proteins containing PEST sequence through PCNP can be rapidly degraded and what stabilizes PCNP in tumor cells; c) whether PCNP can be ubiquitinated by UHRF2 and whether MARCH7 can ubiquitinate PCNP; and d) whether CGREF1 can mediate cell adhesion and inhibit the growth of multiple cell lines and what the effect of co-expression of PCNP and CGREF is on the migration and proliferation of cancer cells
Summary
To maintain normal continuity of cell life, nuclear proteins (NPs) have central importance in regulating vital innate mechanisms. Studies confirmed the potential mediating role of PCNP in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human neuroblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma cells, and ovarian cancer cells.
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