Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and includes three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) and an antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 agonists bind to heterodimeric receptor complexes. Then, the heterotrimer complexes signal via intracellular functional domains, binding to downstream signaling proteins and inducing inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the biological role of IL-36 and its correlation with systemic inflammatory diseases. The information collected will help to increase the understanding of the potential of IL-36 and may give clues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Highlights
Interleukin (IL)-36 is an inflammatory cytokine and is a member of the IL-1 superfamily
In recent years, growing evidence has indicated that IL-36 plays important roles in systemic inflammatory diseases
Mutations in IL-36RN can lead to DITRA, which is correlated with a severe course of pustular psoriasis
Summary
Interleukin (IL)-36 is an inflammatory cytokine and is a member of the IL-1 superfamily. The active IL-36β induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from keratinocytes, including IL-17C, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL-20) [6]. IL-1α induced IL-36α expression, and the levels of IL-36α from inflamed IL-1R1−/− skin was significantly lower than those of wild-type mice [11].
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