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Abstract
The larva of the Palaearctic Renocera pallida (FallĂŠn, 1820) is confirmed as a predator of small species of bivalve molluscs of the family Sphaeriidae. To date only the larvae of three Nearctic Renocera species (and larvae of two other species of Sciomyzidae in two genera) are known to have the same food preference. The life cycle, biology, larval feeding and behaviour are described for the first time and compared with that of the Nearctic Renocera. The systematic position and biology of Renocera in general are discussed. Descriptions of the egg, second and third larval instars and the puparium of R. pallida are presented, the main features of the egg and larvae are illustrated by scanning electron micrographs.
Highlights
Since the first modern publication on the biology of larvae of Sciomyzidae by Berg (1953), the natural food and life cycles of about 200 species have been determined
Ridged eggs are characteristic of most genera of Tetanocerini but not Anticheta, the chorion of which consists of almost hexagonal fields typical of the Sciomyzini (Roz košný, 1998)
The primary surface structure of R. pallida eggs resembles that of the Tetanocerini but the secondary structure consists of elon gate fields formed by anastomoses between longitudinal ridges
Summary
Since the first modern publication on the biology of larvae of Sciomyzidae by Berg (1953), the natural food and life cycles of about 200 species have been determined. Almost all the larvae reared are predators or parasitoids of terrestrial or aquatic gastropods, or con sume snail eggs. The surface dwelling larvae (e.g., Dictya Meigen, 1803; Elgiva Meigen, 1838; Sepedon Latreille, 1804; some species o f Ilione Haliday, 1837 and Tetanocera Duméril, 1800) are typical preda tors of pulmonate gastropods of the families Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae and Physidae. In the group of semi-aquatic predators and parasitoids (e.g., Colobaea Zetterstedt, 1837; Pteromicra Lioy, 1864; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820; many species of Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) of hydrophilous and amphibious snails are included larvae of, e.g., Pherbina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Psacadina Enderlein, 1939; Hydromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and some Tetanocera spp. that show parasitoid tendencies and are typical inhabitants of sheltered shore lines (Verbeke & Knutson, 1967; Knutson et al, 1975; Rozkošný, 1997, 1998).
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