Biologization technologies in agriculture of the Belgorod region

N.I Kloster,V.B Azarov,E Renev,G Batalova,R Changzhong,Y Shavrokov,V Romanyuk

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213603010

N.I Kloster, V.B Azarov + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213603010

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Abstract

The article summarizes the results of field experiments to study the effectiveness of biologization elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops in the Central Black Earth zone of Russia. It has been proved that compost based on poultry manure and granular organic fertilizers with shallow introduction contribute to an increase in yield of up to 50 cwt/ha of grain while improving the fertility of typical chernozem. The coefficient of structure is growing, the bulk density of the soil, physical and chemical characteristics are stabilized. Liquid pig-breeding drainage shows an increase in grain yield but does not have a significant effect on the state of arable land. Similar characteristics apply to technologies for the grain crops cultivation with the use of mineral fertilizers. The greatest economic efficiency was obtained with the combined application of different types of organic fertilizers in moderate doses with the surface method of the main soil cultivation.

Highlights

The Belgorod Region is one of the most developed agrarian regions of the Russian Federation
With about 1% of the country's arable land and 1% of the population, the region produces more than 20% of all Russian meat, 15% of sunflower seed oil and mayonnaise, and is second only to the Krasnodar Krai in terms of yields of major grain crops [1]
The profit amounted to 57,000 rubles/ha with a profitability of 87 percent. Such agrophysical properties as the structural coefficient and soil density differed in optimal values for almost all options of the experiment with a predominance of options with solid organic fertilizers

Summary

Introduction

The Belgorod Region is one of the most developed agrarian regions of the Russian Federation. With about 1% of the country's arable land and 1% of the population, the region produces more than 20% of all Russian meat, 15% of sunflower seed oil and mayonnaise, and is second only to the Krasnodar Krai in terms of yields of major grain crops [1] These achievements were the result of the regional government policy, which outlined strategic priorities such as maintaining state control over agricultural land, general ecologization of the agro-industrial complex, maximum use of animal husbandry waste as fertilizer and the use of energy-saving soil cultivation [4]. Due to the irrational use of natural resources, the chernozems of the Belgorod region have lost a significant part of their fertility during their agricultural use [3] These trends are typical for many regions of Russia, and for developed Western countries. The solution to this problem can be the transfer of agriculture to a biological basis, in which high stable yields of agricultural crops would be combined with the preservation and reproduction of soil fertility [7]

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