Abstract
Abstract Sage is medicinal plant, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Eight extract samples were tested in this study: extract from Salvia officinalis L. varieties from two different geographical localities (Jaslovské Bohunice and Pobedim, Slovakia), Salvia officinalis L., variety “bicolor”, Salvia officinalis L., variety “purpurescens”, Salvia apiana, Salvia divinorum, and two callus cultures of Salvia sclarea L. and Salvia aethiopis L. The highest values for composite parameters were observed for extract from Salvia apiana. It can be concluded that prepared sage extract samples are rich on polyphenolic acids (2 950±265 μg.mL−1 GAeq.) and amines (197±5.50 μg.mL−1 TRPeq.). HPLC analysis confirmed the dominant content of rosmarinic acid in the extracts; the highest content was detected in the Salvia apiana extract (1 120±15 μg.mL−1). Extract from Salvia apiana expressed too the highest antioxidant activity (1 710 – 4 669 μg.mL−1TEAC). Similarly, the highest inhibition activity was observed for this extract on thrombin (57±3.3 %) and on other proteinases (over 80 %). Spearman correlation analysis and PCA analyses revealed a coherence between antioxidant activity of samples and their content of rosmarinic acid as well as inhibitory activity towards particular proteases, and revealed the significance of thiol based secondary metabolites. Cluster analysis demonstrates the differences of Salvia apiana extract from extracts of S. officinalis L., the group of S. divinorum extract and from callus cultures.
Highlights
Sage is a common aromatic plant of the Lamiaceae family, widely cultivated for its medicinal and culinary purposes
Rosmarinic acid, the dominant secondary metabolite, was found in all extract samples, while detection of two flavonoids – apigenin and luteolin will be a subject of the continuing study, with regard to published data (Li et al 2017; Oudjedia et al 2019)
The content of rosmarinic acid (RA) decreased in order Salvia apiana > Salvia officinalis L. > Salvia divinorum > callus culture extracts
Summary
Sage is a common aromatic plant of the Lamiaceae family, widely cultivated for its medicinal and culinary purposes. From the morphological point of view, the shrub of Salvia apiana (the white sage) has long, thin, velvety leaves of colour ranging from shades of grey to green. Small flowers of white sage can be purple or white with long anthers (Adams and Garcia 2005). This species can be found scattered throughout southwestern. Commonly known as diviner's sage, is a medicinal plant native to Mexico and traditionally used by the Mazatec peoples for spiritual practices due to its hallucinogenic properties
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