Abstract
Biologically produced Nano-selenium (Nano-se) considers one of the less toxic element in comparison with the other forms of selenium. The present study evaluated the protective effect of biologically Nano-se against early hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) for 1 week in rats. Forty male Wister rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1 treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with physiological saline once and kept as control; group 2 treated with DEN alone (200 mg/kg) i.p. injection once; group 3 treated with both DEN and Nano-Se and group 4 treated with Nano-Se alone (0.5 mg/kg) orally by gastric intubation. DEN administration did not alter the erythrogram but induced significant changes in leukogram represented by increase in total leukocytic count (TLC), neutrophil and monocyte cell counts together with significant reduction in lymphocyte and eosinophil cells count (P ≤ 0.05). DEN induced hepatotoxicity noticed through an elevation of serum hepatic enzymes such as AST, ALT and γ-GT. Additionally, an increase in the oxidative stress marker as malondialdehyde content (MDA) and reduction of antioxidant parameters such as catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed. Moreover, DEN was associated with the formation of putative hepatic foci indicated with over expression of glutathione transeferase –placental form (GST-P) immunostaining. Interestingly, Nano-Se clearly alleviated the negative impacts of DEN induced hepatotoxicity via returning leukogram to normal condition, suppressed the elevated of serum hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress markers, decrease positive GST-P foci and remarkably increased the antioxidant capacity. Therefore, biological produced Nano-se might be considered as an effective strategy in hepatic cancer chemoprevention.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most lethal worldwide malignancies in human
The present study evaluated the protective effect of biologically Nano-se against early hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) for 1 week in rats
Forty male Wister rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1 treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with physiological saline once and kept as control; group 2 treated with DEN alone (200 mg/kg) i.p. injection once; group 3 treated with both DEN and Nano-Se and group 4 treated with Nano-Se alone (0.5 mg/kg) orally by gastric intubation
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most lethal worldwide malignancies in human. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is important for the antioxidant effects of the selenoproteins. The antioxidant defense capacity of immune cells could be exhausted by either elevated oxidative stress or depleted protection by selenoproteins due to selenium deficiency causing immunotoxicity (Gust et al, 2013). Selenium is an important micronutrient at low concentration, but being toxic by increased level(Wang et al, 2007) It acts as a chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for human cancer (Feng et al, 2014). The goal of the present experiment was to assess whether the biologically produced Nano-Se may reduce preneoplastic hepatic foci in rats exposed to DEN.For this purpose, hematological, serum biochemical and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarkers, histopatholgical examination as well as assessment of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P) initiated cells were evaluated in DEN intoxicated rat
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