Abstract
Mosquitoes, which evade contact with long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, by feeding outdoors or upon animals, are primary malaria vectors in many tropical countries. They can also dominate residual transmission where high coverage of these front-line vector control measures is achieved. Complementary strategies, which extend insecticide coverage beyond houses and humans, are required to eliminate malaria transmission in most settings. The overwhelming diversity of the world's malaria transmission systems and optimal strategies for controlling them can be simply conceptualized and mapped across two-dimensional scenario space defined by the proportion of blood meals that vectors obtain from humans and the proportion of human exposure to them which occurs indoors.
Highlights
Mosquitoes, which evade contact with longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, by feeding outdoors or upon animals, are primary malaria vectors in many tropical countries
Most of the protection conferred by these intra-domiciliary measures against malaria transmission by mosquitoes that primarily feed indoors or rest indoors, and primarily feed upon human blood, occurs at the community level and arises from reduced rates of vector population survival, human blood feeding and reproduction [2]
Mosquitoes which can rest outdoors or feed outdoors, as well as those which feed on animals, are primary malaria vectors in many tropical countries and are obviously less vulnerable to control with insecticides deployed to houses in the form of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and Indoor residual spraying (IRS) [1,3,4]
Summary
Mosquitoes, which evade contact with longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, by feeding outdoors or upon animals, are primary malaria vectors in many tropical countries. The overwhelming diversity of the world’s malaria transmission systems and optimal strategies for controlling them can be conceptualized and mapped across two-dimensional scenario space defined by the proportion of blood meals that vectors obtain from humans and the proportion of human exposure to them which occurs indoors.
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