Abstract
Three sets of experiments were conducted to study the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), elevated ammonium nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration and system breakdown on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen in wastewater. Each set of experiments was conducted in parallel using three 21.7‐L reactors with submerged fibrous packing. One reactor was aerated continuously, and the other two were aerated half the time intermittently. When tested with synthetic wastewater having an average COD of 958 mg/L and NH3‐N of 94 mg/L at 4–14 hr of HRT, all reactors had similar levels of carbonaceous oxidation (95–97%) and nitrification (85%). The nitrite/nitrate produced were effectively denitrified in the intermittently aerated reactors because of the anoxic condition in the interior of the “bio‐pompons”; but the continuously aerated reactor had little denitrification activity. Elevated NH3‐N concentrations were toxic to microorganisms in all reactors, affecting adversely both the nitrification and c...
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