Abstract
Current climate conditions in north-central Chile (25°57´-32°13’S, 71°43´-68°16´W) are characterized by increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Global warming is expected to alter the hydrology and ecoclimatic characteristics of north-central basins with multiple effects, including changes in plant and arthropod phenology and biodiversity. Among these basins, the Elqui Valley (29°50´S, 70°52´W) stands out for its large population and the economic importance of tourism and agriculture. The taxonomic composition of agriculturally and medically important arthropods was studied in three locations in the Elqui Valley by manual capture of specimens and interviews with farmers, agricultural workers, and local leaders. Out of a total of 145 species of insects and 36 species of arachnids, 36 insects and 1 arachnid are considered pests and are known to attack one or more host plants. Four orders dominated the insect suryes: Coleoptera (31.3% of the total captured), Orthoptera (13.9%), Hymenoptera (9.3%), and Lepidoptera (13.4%). Some agriculturally important insects include Macrosiphum, Rhopalosiphum, Myzus (Aphididae), Coccus, Parthenolecanium, Saissetia (Coccidae) and Pseudococcus (Pseudococcidae). Some medically important species are those in the zoonotic genera Loxosceles, Latrodectus, Triatoma, and Mepraia. The study of agriculturally and medically important arthropods will improve the design of better of management plans to minimize the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. Las condiciones climaticas actuales del norte-centro de Chile se caracterizan por el aumento de la temperatura y la disminucion de la precipitacion. En este escenario, se espera que el calentamiento global altere el balance hidrico y las caracteristicas ecoclimaticas de las cuencas, con diversos efectos (ej., alteracion de la fenologia de plantas y artropodos; cambios en la riqueza y biodiversidad local) sobre el ecosistema. Entre estas cuencas, se destaca la cuenca del Valle de Elqui (Region de Coquimbo, Chile), que alberga una poblacion humana importante y es un destacado foco economico en terminos de actividades agricolas y turisticas. En este contexto, mediante colectas manuales y entrevistas a agricultores, se estudio la composicion taxonomica del ensamble de artropodos de importancia agricola y medica en tres localidades del Valle de Elqui. Treinta y seis de 145 especies de insectos y una de 36 especies de aracnidos son consideradas plagas de importancia agricola que atacan a uno o mas hospederos. Cuatro ordenes dominaron el ensamble de Insecta: Coleoptera (31,3% de total capturado), Orthoptera (13,9%), Hymenoptera (9,3%), Lepidoptera (13,4%). Entre los insectos de importancia agricola se destaca la presencia de Macrosiphum, Rhopalosiphum, Myzus (Aphididae); Coccus, Parthenolecanium, Saissetia (Coccidae) y Pseudococcus (Pseudococcidae). Entre las especies de importancia medica se destacan los generos zoonoticos Loxosceles, Latrodectus, Triatoma y Mepraia. El estudio y conocimiento detallado de estos artropodos permitira establecer planes de monitoreo y control que minimicen la vulnerabilidad del sistema frente a las modifi caciones ambientales derivados del cambio climatico.
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