BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF THIOREDOXIN-MEDIATED INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Thioredoxin is a low molecular weight protein found in all organisms. It is associated with the regulation of numerous cellular processes such as gene expression, antioxidant response, apoptosis, and proliferation. In humans, thioredoxin is represented by two functionally different forms, Trx1 and Trx2. The review contains the results of studies on the biological role of thioredoxin, with special attention paid to its role in the regulation of the physiological aging process. The aim of the study was to study the available literature sources that publish materials on the biological role of thioredoxin, paying special attention to its significance in the regulation of the physiological aging process. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, methods of analysis, generalization, comparison and systematization of these publications of domestic and foreign authors were used. Results. The main function of the thioredoxin-dependent system is antioxidant activity. Trx and glutathione (GSH) play a central role in counteracting oxidative stress. In addition to its antioxidant properties, Trx, unlike other antioxidant enzymes, plays an important role in maintaining the redox state of cells and in regulating redox signaling. There is a lot of evidence in the literature that shows the stimulating effect of thioredoxin on tissue proliferation. The Trx system is hypothesized to promote the development and spread of cancer through various mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cell growth, and maintenance of angiogenesis. There is also evidence of an important role of the thioredoxin system in aging. Conclusions. Thus, there are data on the participation of the thioredoxin system in the processes of aging, carcinogenesis, regulation of proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the role of thioredoxin in age-related changes in organs has not been studied enough, so additional studies are needed.