Abstract
The stability of peri-implant tissue is essential for the long-term success of dental implants. Although various types of implant connections are used, little is known about the effects of the physical mechanisms of dental implants on the stability of peri-implant tissue. This review summarizes the relevant literature to establish guidelines regarding the effects of connection type between abutments and implants in soft and hard tissues. Soft tissue seals can affect soft tissue around implants. In external connections, micromobility between the abutment and the hex component of the implant, resulting from machining tolerance, can destroy the soft tissue seal, potentially leading to microbial invasion. Internal friction connection implants induce strain on the surrounding bone via implant wall expansion that translates into masticatory force. This strain is advantageous because it increases the amount and quality of peri-implant bone. The comparison of internal and external connections, the two most commonly used connection types, reveals that internal friction has a positive influence on both soft and hard tissues.
Highlights
A dental implant is an artificial organ that replaces a missing natural tooth
When nonsubmerged implants are proper vertical position of the alveolar bone, the mobility of the abutment does not interfere with the placed at the proper vertical position of the alveolar bone, the mobility of the abutment does not soft tissue seal, or cause marginal bone resorption, because the interface between the abutment and the interfere with the soft tissue seal, or cause marginal bone resorption, because the interface between implant is positioned outside the soft tissue [34,35]
While several studies show that there are no significant differences in the soft tissue seal between these two materials, zirconia has a lower fracture strength than titanium, and is more likely to be associated with mechanical complications [45
Summary
A dental implant is an artificial organ that replaces a missing natural tooth. Implants should be able to function properly in the human body [1]. For dental implants to function properly for a long time in the oral cavity, they should experience neither mechanical nor biological complications, including those related to soft and hard tissues surrounding the implant [7,8,9,10,11]. The stability of the implant–abutment connection is an important factor affecting the long-term success of dental implants in clinical practice [12,13]. Dental implants belonging to these two systems are currently the most widely used in clinical practice [13,14,15] The nature of these connections is summarized, and their effects on tissues surrounding implants are analyzed for both soft and hard tissues
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