Biological Responses to New Advanced Surface Modifications of Endosseous Medical Implants

Weerachai Singhatanadgit

doi:10.4137/btri.s3150

Abstract

Implantable medical devices are increasingly important in the practice of modern medicine. However, patients with severely poor bone quality and quantity require highest implant osseointegration for the long-term success. A number of newly-developed advanced surface modifications of medical implants have recently been introduced to the medical implant system. Understanding the mechanisms by which osteogenic cells respond to such materials is therefore of major importance in developing the most effective materials to promote functional osseointegration. Diverse studies using materials with a wide range of new surface modification techniques have demonstrated the pivotal role of surface treatments in cell adhesion, proliferation and lineage specific differentiation. These events underlie the tissue responses required for bone healing following implant placement, with the interaction between adsorbed proteins on the implant surface and surrounding cells eliciting body responses to the treated implant surface. This review illustrates tissue responses to the implant material following implant placement and highlights cellular responses to new advanced implant surface modifications. Such information is of utmost importance to further develop several new advanced surface modifications to be used in the new era medical implantable devices.

Highlights

A number of pathological osseous conditions require fixative and replacement therapies involving the use of medical implant appliances,[1,2] and during the past several years, a number of materials, such as titanium and its alloys, have been used for the fabrication of these medical devices
Many implant materials appear to be capable of enabling bone cell attachment, migration and growth, their ability to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells into bone forming osteoblasts[5] is still unclear
Understanding the mechanisms by which osteogenic cells respond to such materials is of major importance in developing the most effective materials to promote functional osseointegration, which is required for the long-term success of implant surgery.[5]

Summary

Introduction

A number of pathological osseous conditions require fixative and replacement therapies involving the use of medical implant appliances,[1,2] and during the past several years, a number of materials, such as titanium and its alloys, have been used for the fabrication of these medical devices.

Results

Conclusion