Abstract
BackgroundEnvironment pollution by heavy metals is a global disaster and there are several cleaning methods including bioremediation. Trichoderma species inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi and play a useful role in agriculture and ecosystem management.MethodsIn this study, the removing of cadmium ions by three species of Trichoderma (T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. tomentosum) were studied under different pH (5, 7, 9) and different concentrations of Cd (1, 100, 200 ppm) in liquid media containing potato extract and dextrose. Above mentioned fungal strains were cultured in the Cd-polluted media and the remaining amount of metal ions in the media was measured after two months growth, using atomic absorption.ResultsResults showed that all three fungal species were able to reduce the amount of Cd in the all three pH of the medias; but their removal ability varies depending on the species and cultural conditions. T. asperellum was showed maximum removal efficiency of cadmium (76.17%), (10.75 mg/g, at fungal dry weight). Based on our results, the most removal efficiency of Cd ions for the fungal species was evaluated in the alkaline pH.ConclusionsTrichoderma species are important fungi in decreasing of Cadmium ions. They have bioremediation potency under various pH and concentration conditions.
Highlights
Environment pollution by heavy metals is a global disaster and there are several cleaning methods including bioremediation
The optimal removing was obtained 91.06% (10.95 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. asperellum, 83.92% (9.85 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. harzianum and 82.63% (5.48 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. tomentosum at the pH = 9
After the reducing of pH to 5, removal ability of cadmium was decreased up to 48.14% (10.48 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. asperellum, 41.84% (9.43 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. harzianum and 53.04% (5.01 mg/g based on fungus dry weight) for T. tomentosum
Summary
Environment pollution by heavy metals is a global disaster and there are several cleaning methods including bioremediation. Heavy metals are emitted into the environment by sewage and waste materials from various resources such as metal plating, There are various processes to reduce concentrations of heavy metals in the environment In this regard, it is notable that the microorganisms use these contaminants as a source of nutrients and energy and convert them into soluble substances. The using of microorganism such as algae, fungi, bacteria, and yeasts that can absorb the heavy metals, have been considered by some prior researchers for bioremediation of heavy metal polluted media [1,8,9] In this way, microorganisms immobile metal ions by means of linking them with their cell walls [10,11]
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