Abstract
The biological quality of fermented animal by-products prepared from fish and chicken offal was evaluated. A quality index (QI) based on analyses of a few important free amino acids and their corresponding biogenic amines was given. A group separation method based on ion exchange chromatography was found suitable for isolating and purifying amines and amino acids in biological samples. Quality was evaluated in samples fermented with different starter cultures, inoculation sizes and substrate levels. Slow or incomplete fermentation led to the accumulation of biogenic amines, especially tyramine, and resulted in a low QI. Fast initial and continuous stable fermentation for four weeks resulted in low concentrations of biogenic amines and high concentrations of free amino acids and consequently a high QI. The alanine concentration was considered to be a useful tool for estimating proteolysis, and QI related to changes in alanine concentration, lactic acid production and redox potential were considered to give the most useful estimation of the biological quality of fermented fish offal and poultry waste.
Highlights
Biogenic amines comprise a large and heterogeneous group of natural products of special interest owing to their physiological effects
This study focused on improving the analytical control of fermented silage to be used as animal feed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) determination of free amino acids and biogenic amines, and the relationship between them
quality index (QI) is a new way of presenting analytical information obtained from analyses of the amino acids released from protein and accumulated biogenic amines
Summary
Biogenic amines comprise a large and heterogeneous group of natural products of special interest owing to their physiological effects They are produced in enzyme catalysed reactions with amino acids as direct precursors, some of which are common to all living cells. High levels of histamine or other biogenic amines have been proposed as causative agents Biogenic amines or their products are considered of interest in relation to the quality of foodstuffs of animal origin and fur-animal feed. This study focused on improving the analytical control of fermented silage to be used as animal feed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) determination of free amino acids and biogenic amines, and the relationship between them
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