Biological protection of winter wheat against fungal diseases

Abstract

The purpose of the research is the regulation of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops based on the use of biostimulants, biofungicides and chemical fungicides. The article considers the phytosanitary situation of crops, investigates fungal diseases, the degree of their spread, substantiates the use of biological fungicides and biostimulants, analyzes the biological effectiveness of their use, reveals the effect of protective measures on the productivity and quality of grain. The winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 40 was sown on dark gray forest soil. Seeds of the 1st reproduction. The predecessor is buckwheat. The analysis of the results showed that the treatment of winter wheat seeds with the fungicide Scarlet, ME (imazalil + tebuconazole) helped to protect the culture from fungal diseases until the end of June. Double treatment of crops with biofungicide Vitaplan (titer 10 + 10 CFU/g) Bacillus subtilis. Strain VKM-B-2604D + Bacillus subtilis. strain VKM-B-2605D) and the chemical fungicide Amistar Extra, SK (azoxystrobin + cyprocanazole) had a significant effect on reducing the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of the chemical fungicide in comparison with the biological one was higher in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of grain by 23.8%. The increase in yield compared to the control when using biopreparations Nigor (buckwheat bioflavonoids) and Nigor ++ (buckwheat bioflavonoids and exometabolites Trichoderma atrobrunneum VKPM F-1434 in a ratio of components 1: 1) was 7.1%, Vitaplan - 9.5%, Amistar Extra 14.3%.