Abstract
Exosomes-like nanoparticles can be released by a variety of plants and vegetables. The relevance of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) in interspecies communication is derived from their content in biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and miRNAs), absence of toxicity, easy internalization by mammalian cells, as well as for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Due to these interesting features, we review here their potential application in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver diseases, and cancer as well as their potentiality as drug carriers. Current evidence indicate that PDNVs can improve the disease state at the level of intestine in IBD mouse models by affecting inflammation and promoting prohealing effects. While few reports suggest that anticancer effects can be derived from antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties of PDNVs, other studies have shown that PDNVs can be used as effective delivery systems for small molecule agents and nucleic acids with therapeutic effects (siRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs). Finally, since PDNVs are characterized by a proven stability in the gastrointestinal tract, they have been considered as promising delivery systems for natural products contained therein and drugs (including nucleic acids) via the oral route.
Highlights
Exosomes-like nanoparticles can be released by a variety of plants and vegetables
plantderived nanovesicles (PDNVs) from edible plants and fruit have been characterized for their physical parameters, biomolecules content, and biological properties
Electric cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) assay was used to prove that the integrity of the barrier function of Caco2-BBE monolayers was unaffected irrespective of the treatment with Ginger-derived nanovesicles (GDNs) and that experiments with propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V staining represented that the treatment with the same concentrations for 24 h had no effects on the percentage of apoptotic Colon-26 or RAW 264.7 cells [44]. These findings showed that GDNs seem to be nontoxic in vitro
Summary
Abstract: Exosomes-like nanoparticles can be released by a variety of plants and vegetables. The relevance of plantderived nanovesicles (PDNVs) in interspecies communication is derived from their content in biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and miRNAs), absence of toxicity, easy internalization by mammalian cells, as well as for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties Due to these interesting features, we review here their potential application in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver diseases, and cancer as well as their potentiality as drug carriers. Since the GI tract is the first tissue receiving EVs from edible fruits and plants, many researchers focused their attention onto EVs biological functions on the intestinal barrier These studies have shown that these exosome-like plant-derived EVs can be used for improving inflammatory bowel disease prevention and treatment by blocking damaging factors and promoting healing factors [29,30]. We will give an insight in the treatment of gastrointestinal/liver diseases and cancer through PDNV-mediated drug delivery
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