Abstract
ABSTRACT Alternative management measures have been used to reduce nematode population levels in affected areas. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of nematicides based on fungus and bacterium, associated with poultry litter applied via ground in the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Heterodera glycines in soybean and corn crops in succession. The experiment was conducted in the 2018/19 growing season in the municipality of Ipameri– GO (-17°34’55.58”S−48°12’02.35”O) in naturally infested field, arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments and 4 replicates, being: T1- Witness/ control, T2- Poultry litter, T3- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum, T4- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, T5- P. chlamydosporia, T6- Abamectina, T7- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + Poultry litter, T8- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + Poultry litter, T9- P. chlamydosporia + Poultry litter, T10- Abamectina + Poultry litter. The poultry litter was added in the soil 10 days before planting. The plots were composed of 6 lines of 6 m, with a spacing of 0.5 m. In the soybean crop at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), the fresh weight of the roots (MFR), nematological variables and productivity were evaluated. In corn, only nematological variables were evaluated at 60 DAS. The treatments using P. lilacinum + T. harzianum and B. subtillis + B. licheniformes increased the MFR and reduced the number of P. brachyurus and H. glycines at the root. P. chlamydosporia associated with poultry litter increased in productivity in soybean plants.
Highlights
In the Midwest and Northeast of Brazil, the cultivation of soybeans and corn in succession is widely practiced by farmers
The poultry litter was added to the soil ten days before sowing soybeans, in the amount of 4 Mg.ha-1 according to preliminary dose studies
T 90 days after sowing (DAS) it is possible to observe that Abamectin alone, P. lilacinum + T. harzianum and B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, both biological associated with poultry litter, showed better development in the root system of soybean plants and better efficacy in reducing P. brachyurus (PbR) and H. glycines (HgR) at the root, in relation to the positioning of biological agents in isolation (Figure 3)
Summary
In the Midwest and Northeast of Brazil, the cultivation of soybeans and corn in succession is widely practiced by farmers. Alternative management measures have been used in order to reduce nematode populations, such as: use of chemical and biological nematicides, organic compounds, resistant plants or with low reproduction factor (RF) and rotation with non-host crops (SILVA et al, 2018). Bacillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, Pasteuria nishizawae, Purpureocillium oniachilporchyliachilia) (AGROFIT, 2020) Nematophagous fungi such as Purpureocilum lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia have the ability to suppress nematode reproduction by destroying the egg embryo, colonizing females and cyst (SILVA, 2015a). Exert nematicidal action on early stages of nematodes by releasing antibiotic compounds, in addition to promoting the development of cultivated plants (SILVA, 2015b). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biological nematicides based on fungi and bacteria, associated with the poultry bed in the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Heterodera glycines in soybean and corn crops in succession
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