Biological markers as predictors of postoperative neurocognitive disorders

Abstract

Introduction.The literature review presents new definitions of the concepts of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions, taking into account the new nomenclature according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, fifth edition — Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition) and time of their manifestations, depending on the age of the surgical intervention performed. The main discussed tactical aspects of the anesthesiologist's management of patients at risk of cognitive impairment in the postoperative period are outlined. The main biological markers, predictors of the development of cognitive postoperative disorders, are emphasized.Aim of the study:to highlight the main discussed tactical points of anesthesiologist's management of patients, to outline more promising aspects of biochemical laboratory diagnosis of postoperative neurocognitive disorders.Materials and methods. The data were analyzed and systematized based on scientific publications in the general PubMed database for the period 2016-2020.Results and discussion.New research advances in the search for biological targets, markers and predictors of postoperative neurocognitive disorders at the molecular level are presented, allowing a more precise impact on the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuronal inflammation and assessment of the potential damage to the cognitive status of the patient. The paper outlines more promising aspects of biochemical laboratory diagnosis using markers of innate immunity response to surgical trauma and the resulting systemic inflammation.Conclusion.Problems requiring further study to find pathogenetic therapy for postoperative neurocognitive disorders have been identified.