Abstract
Biological impact assessment is a process designed to systematically assess the potential or actual impact, including hazards and benefits, of the presence in, the introduction of, or the entrance into a biological system of specific endemic or exotic organisms. The introduction of a new technology into a natural ecosystem, whether in the fonn of a physical product or a knowledge-based process, inevitably will have an effect on that ecosystem. It may even be argued that the purpose of introducing new technology is to engender change in the target system. In agriculture, ex ante and ex post evaluations of the impact of new technology on people and on the broader environment in which organisms (including farmers) exist, has been conducted for many decades (21). For over 7S years, researchers in the United States, for example, have developed hundreds of thousands of new plant genotypes and microorganisms, and released them
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