Abstract
A paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery is brought about the usage of cell-based therapies for wound healing and regeneration. Considering the imitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency, stem cell-based therapy, in particular, has been expected to pave the way for a new solution to the regenerative approaches. Limitations in the reconstructive surgeries in restoring tissue loss and deficiency have paved the way for new regenerative approaches. Among them, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ADSCs)-based therapy could be the most promising clue, since ADSCs have pluripotent differentiation capabilities not only in adipocytes but also in a variety of cell types. Accumulating evidences have indicated that the unfavorable development of adipose-tissue damage, namely, lipodystrophy, is a systemic complication, which is closely related to metabolic abnormality. Considering ADSC-based regenerative medicine should be applied for the treatment of lipodystrophy, it is inevitable to ascertain whether the ADSCs obtained from the patients with lipodystrophy are capable of being used. It will be very promising and realistic if this concept is applied to lipoatrophy; one form of lipodystrophies that deteriorates the patients’ quality of life because of excessive loss of soft tissue in the exposed areas such as face and extremities. Since lipodystrophy is frequently observed in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the present study aims to examine the biological potentials of ADSCs isolated from the HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy associated with the HAART treatment. Growth properties, adipogenic differentiation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were examined in ADSCs from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Our results clearly demonstrated that ADSCs from both patients showed indistinguishable growth properties and potentials for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Thus, although the number of cases were limited, ADSCs isolated from the patients with lipodystrophy retain sufficient physiological and biological activity for the reconstitution of adipose-tissue, suggesting that ADSCs from the patients with lipodystrophy could be used for autologous ADSC-based regenerative therapy.
Highlights
Adult stem cells have been used as the promising source of stem cells, which can be applied for cell-based therapies [1,2,3]
Among the adult stem cells, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ADSCs) are the most promising ones, since they can be obtained from liposuction aspirates or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments and expanded in vitro and there are no ethical concerns like human embryonic stem cells [4,5,6,7,8,9]
Lipoaspirates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were obtained from the sites such as abdomen, thighs, and shoulders, where lipoatrophy was less severe
Summary
Adult stem cells have been used as the promising source of stem cells, which can be applied for cell-based therapies [1,2,3]. Among the adult stem cells, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ADSCs) are the most promising ones, since they can be obtained from liposuction aspirates or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments and expanded in vitro and there are no ethical concerns like human embryonic stem cells [4,5,6,7,8,9]. We have applied ADSCs for autologous transplantation therapy for chronic radiation injury [13]. ADSCs were obtained by less invasive lipoaspiration in combination with automatic and aseptic isolation. ADSCs could be a critical and promising cell population in amending impaired subcutaneous adipose-tissue including lipodystrophy
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