Abstract
Mahamrutyunjaya rasa (MHR), an Ayurvedic formulation, used as cardiotonic, contains potentially toxic compounds like aconitine, which are detoxified during preparation using traditional methods. Comparative toxicological evaluation of laboratory prepared formulation (F1) and two marketed formulations (F2 and F3) were performed based on their effects on viability of H9c2 cells and after single oral dose administration in mice. Cardioprotective effect of formulations at 25 and 50 mg/kg doses were studied in isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial infarcted rats. F1 and F2 did not affect the cell viability, while F3 decreased the cell viability in concentration and time-dependent manner. Rats administered with ISO showed significant increase in the serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphotase, creatinine kinase isoenzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and uric acid, while F1 and F2 treatment showed significant reduction in the same. F3 showed further increase in the serum levels of enzymes and uric acid in ISO-challenged rats. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of formulations showed higher concentration of aconitine in F3. Study shows that F1 and F2 possess cardioprotective property with higher safety, while formulation F3 cannot be used as cardioprotective due to its cytotoxic effects. Thus, proper quality assessment methods are required during preparation of traditional formulations.
Highlights
Today, herbal remedies are back into prominence because the efficacy of conventional medicines such as antibiotics, which once had near universal effectiveness against serious infections, is on the wane
Ayurvedic literature [6] records the formula of Mahamrutyunjaya rasa (MHR) tablet as 1 part each of powdered processed Aconitum ferox, Solanum indicum, Piper nigrum, and Piper longum, sieved and mixed with 1 part each of purified sulphur and purified sodium metaborate
Mortality was observed in mice administered with single oral dose (2000 and 1550 mg/kg) of F1, F2, and F3, while with 550 mg/kg dose no mortality was seen
Summary
Herbal remedies are back into prominence because the efficacy of conventional medicines such as antibiotics, which once had near universal effectiveness against serious infections, is on the wane. The medicine comprises four kinds of herbs: Aconitum ferox, Solanum indicum, Piper nigrum and Piper longum. Ayurvedic literature [6] records the formula of MHR tablet as 1 part each of powdered processed Aconitum ferox, Solanum indicum, Piper nigrum, and Piper longum, sieved and mixed with 1 part each of purified sulphur and purified sodium metaborate. To this mixture 2 parts of purified cinnabar (HgS) were added and mixed uniformly.
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