Abstract
Porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by using the CO2gas foaming/salt leaching process and then PCL scaffolds surface was treated by oxygen or nitrogen gas plasma in order to enhance the cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The PCL and NaCl were mixed in the ratios of 3 : 1. The supercritical CO2gas foaming process was carried out by solubilizing CO2within samples at 50°C and 8 MPa for 6 hr and depressurization rate was 0.4 MPa/s. The oxygen or nitrogen plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds were prepared at discharge power 100 W and 10 mTorr for 60 s. The mean pore size of porous PCL scaffolds showed 427.89 μm. The gas plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds surface showed hydrophilic property and the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells comparing to untreated porous PCL scaffolds. The PCL scaffolds produced from the gas foaming/salt leaching and plasma surface treatment are suitable for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
In bone tissue engineering, scaffold plays a key role in providing the appropriate matrices to regeneration of tissue and has to fulfill a few basic requirements such as high porosity, proper pore size, and surface properties permitting cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation [1]
A highly porous polymeric scaffolds with a well interconnected and homogeneous porous structure were prepared by the gas foaming/salt leaching method [10, 11]
After the gas plasma treatment, we observed the presence of open pore morphologies and high degrees of pore interconnectivity
Summary
Scaffold plays a key role in providing the appropriate matrices to regeneration of tissue and has to fulfill a few basic requirements such as high porosity, proper pore size, and surface properties permitting cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation [1]. A highly porous polymeric scaffolds with a well interconnected and homogeneous porous structure were prepared by the gas foaming/salt leaching method [10, 11]. The evolution of ammonia or carbon dioxide gases, as well as the leaching out of salt particulates from the solidifying polymer matrix, was found to produce macroporous scaffolds with pores ranging from 200 to 100 μm with no visible surface skin layer, which permits sufficient cell seeding within the scaffolds [10, 11]. We prepared porous PCL scaffolds via CO2 gas foaming and salt leaching process to apply to the bone tissue engineering. To improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of porous PCL scaffolds, we performed oxygen or nitrogen plasma surface treatment
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