Abstract
The study was carried out to explore the effects of 60Co-γ irradiation and electron beam to target turning X-ray (EBTTX) irradiation in the M3 generation to accelerate the breeding process of freesia. Bulbs of two varieties of freesia “Freesia armstrongii W. Watson” and “Freesia corymbosa (Burm.f.) N. E. Br” were exposed to 4 doses of 60Co-γ and EBTTX irradiation (25, 50, 75, and 100 Gy). The stimulatory effect on germination rate, survival rate, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, root number, root length, flowering plant rate, and pedicel length of two freesia cultivars at 25 Gy of 60Co-γ irradiation dose was better than EBTTX in M3 generation. High irradiation dose exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on these plants' growth parameters and even the survival rate of two freesia cultivars was 0.00% at 100 Gy irradiation dose for both types of irradiation. The total chlorophyll content of freesia “Freesia armstrongii W. Watson” and “Freesia corymbosa (Burm.f.) N. E. Br” reached the maximum under the radiation dose of 25 Gy. With the increase in radiation dose, the content of MDA, SOD, and POD in the leaves of both varieties of freesia increased gradually. In the M3 generation of the two freesia varieties, five new mutant plants such as dwarf plants, altered flower color, and increased petal numbers were found. A high frequency of mean mutations was found in EBTTX irradiated plants (4.16% and 3.3%) than in gamma-irradiated plants (2.4% and 2.5%) at 50 Gy as compared with control in Freesia armstrongii W. Watson and Freesia corymbosa (Burm.f.) N. E. Br.
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