Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a potent mycotoxin which causes serious health concerns in developing countries, where it is mainly found in milk, meat, and other foods. Biological detoxification is a promising method for eliminating AFM1. The aim of this work was to search for AFM1‐degrading bacterial strains from animal waste, soil, and activated sludge. High‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the AFM1 degradation products. A strain designated E‐1‐1‐1 was obtained from African elephants feces, with the degradation ratio of AFM1 reaching 89.55% in 12 hr. Based on morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E‐1‐1‐1 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. The culture supernatant of B. pumilus E‐1‐1‐1 degraded AFM1 effectively, whereas the cells and cell extracts of B. pumilus E‐1‐1‐1 were far less effective. Carbon and nitrogen sources had highly significant effects on the degradation of AFM1 by B. pumilus E‐1‐1‐1. The AFM1‐degrading strain, B. pumilus E1‐1‐1, could have great potential in industrial applications.
Highlights
Over the past several decades, interest in a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius, and Aspergillus parasiticus (Peltonen, Elnezami, Haskard, Ahokas, & Salminen, 2001) and known as aflatoxins has increased due to health, economic and food safety concerns (Kumar, Mahato, Kamle, Mohanta, & Kang, 2017)
The culture supernatant of strain E-1-1-1 could degrade 76.9% aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) compared to
Aflatoxins appear in natural environments, but do not accumulate
Summary
Over the past several decades, interest in a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius, and Aspergillus parasiticus (Peltonen, Elnezami, Haskard, Ahokas, & Salminen, 2001) and known as aflatoxins has increased due to health, economic and food safety concerns (Kumar, Mahato, Kamle, Mohanta, & Kang, 2017). Strategies for eliminating aflatoxins in contaminated commodities include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Various chemical and physical methods have been developed for removal of AFM1. These methods have many weaknesses, such as the high cost, the loss of nutrition and so on. An AFM1-degrading strain, Bacillus pumilus E1-1-1, was isolated from feces samples of African elephants. As far as we know, this is the first study to report an AFM1-degrading strain of B. pumilus.
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