Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (in the genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) have been studied and successfully commercialized as biological control agents. These organisms are highly virulent and safe for the non-target environment, animals and humans. For at least 200 target species, the nematode-bacteria complex has the potential to become a mass-marketed agricultural biopesticide. However, before nematodes can be successfully integrated into the agricultural system as a regular-use, “go-to” biopesticide, it is necessary to develop economical manufacturing processes. There are several manufacturing platforms: in vitro solid fermentation; in vitro liquid fermentation; and in vivo production. This review presents an analysis of each approach and discusses the advantages and disadvantages relative to the cost of production, technical expertise required, and quality of the final product.
Highlights
Biological control is the systematic addition of natural microorganisms to an area with the intent to mitigate pests and pest effects in that area
There are currently three methods used for the production of nematodes: in vitro solid fermentation, in vitro liquid fermentation, and in vivo production
Most researchers agree that in vitro liquid fermentation technologies are better suited for commercial technologies because of superior cost efficiency (ShapiroIlan et al, 2012)
Summary
Review Article BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY UTILIZING HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA AND STEINERNEMA CARPOCAPSAE aGabby Downs, a,bDevang Upadhyay*, bSivanadane Mandjiny, cJeff Frederick, a,bLeonard Holmes a Sartorius Stedim Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA. B Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA. C College of Arts & Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
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