Abstract
Potato common scab, which is caused by soil-borne Streptomyces species, is a severe plant disease that results in a significant reduction in the economic value of potatoes worldwide. Due to the lack of efficacious pesticides, crop rotations, and resistant potato cultivars against the disease, we investigated whether biological control can serve as an alternative approach. In this study, multiple Bacillus species were isolated from healthy potato tubers, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba01 was chosen for further analyses based on its potency against the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabies. Ba01 inhibited the growth and sporulation of S. scabies and secreted secondary metabolites such as surfactin, iturin A, and fengycin with potential activity against S. scabies as determined by imaging mass spectrometry. In pot assays, the disease severity of potato common scab decreased from 55.6 ± 11.1% (inoculated with S. scabies only) to 4.2 ± 1.4% (inoculated with S. scabies and Ba01). In the field trial, the disease severity of potato common scab was reduced from 14.4 ± 2.9% (naturally occurring) to 5.6 ± 1.1% after Ba01 treatment, representing evidence that Bacillus species control potato common scab in nature.
Highlights
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide but is affected by serious diseases such as late blight, bacterial wilt, soft rot, and common scab
Biological control agents have been extensively studied to combat plant pathogens in order to reduce environmental pollution, ecological disturbance due to pesticides used in fumigation, and pre-sowing tuber/seed treatments
Iturin A, and fengycin acted as antibiotics against S. scabies are partially supported by studies in which Han and colleagues showed that iturin A was responsible for combating Streptomyces species
Summary
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide but is affected by serious diseases such as late blight, bacterial wilt, soft rot, and common scab. Potato common scab can be caused by at least four gram-positive bacteria from the Streptomyces genus, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. turgidiscabies, and S. ipomoeae. The typical scab symptom on potato tubers is superficial, raised, deep-pitted corky lesions that affect tuber quality and marketability in fresh markets or processing operations. Scab symptoms are mainly caused by secreted toxins from Streptomyces species such as thaxtomins, concanamycin, borrelidin, or FD-891 [1, 3, 4]. Thaxtomin A, a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor, is well characterized and considered the main virulence factor of most Streptomyces species [5]
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