Abstract
Biological systems have their unique color generation mechanisms based on the selective reflection of light using colorants, scattering, interference and diffraction principles. Plants and animals can use either biochromes or schemochromes effectively thus presenting to us a beautiful colored world. Biochromes like chlorophylls and carotenoids are colorants synthesized by biological systems via a biochemical process and can reflect components of white light selectively, whereas schemochromes rely on the colorless structural characteristics of a biological component to generate a specific range of the visible light. Examples of both biochromes and schemochromes are presented and the current research progress discussed in this review.
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