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Abstract
The detection of resistance in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) populations against the Mexican isolate of its granulovirus (CpGV-M), raised questions on the sustainability of the use of this biological insecticide. In resistant host cells, CpGV-M is not able to complete its replication cycle because replication is blocked at an early step. Virus isolates able to overcome this resistance have been characterized—among them, the CpGV-R5 isolate. In mixed infections on resistant insects, both CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 viruses replicate, while CpGV-M alone does not induce mortality. Genetically heterogeneous virus populations, containing 50% of each CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 appear to control resistant host populations as well as CpGV-R5 alone at the same final concentration, even if the concentration of CpGV-R5 is only half in the former. The use of mixed genotype virus preparations instead of genotypically homogeneous populations may constitute a better approach than traditional methods for the development of baculovirus-based biological insecticides.
Highlights
The Cydia pomonella granulovirus Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) [1] was discovered by Tanada in 1964 [2]
As this gene is located on the Z sex chromosome of the insect, and the induced phenotype is dominant [9], and using our approach of mass selection, it is impossible to completely eliminate the susceptible allele, as heterozygous males (ZR ZS ) are resistant to CpGV-M infection
The concentration-mortality response of each viral population was estimated by probit analysis
Summary
The Cydia pomonella granulovirus Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) (species Cydia pomonella granulovirus; genus Betabaculovirus; family Baculoviridae) [1] was discovered by Tanada in 1964 [2]. This virus has a narrow host range, limited to the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and some related moth species. In Europe, most commercial formulations of CpGV are derived from the original CpGV-M isolate [4], which has been distributed to many different laboratories and companies, and amplified on laboratory colonies of codling moth This isolate appears to have limited genetic diversity [5]
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