Abstract
We compared calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials to conventional calcium hydroxide in terms of their biological properties and potential effects on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). We cultured hDPSCs on disks (7-mm diameter, 4-mm high) of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), TheraCal LC (Bisco), or Dycal (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties). Cell viability was assessed with cell counting (CCK) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Odontogenic activity was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR). CCK assays showed that Dycal reduced cell viability compared to the other materials (p < 0.05). SEM showed low and absent cell attachment on TheraCal LC and Dycal disks, respectively. hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC and Dycal showed higher ALP activity on day 6 than the control group (p < 0.05). The day-9 Runx2 expression was higher in the ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). On day 14, the ProRoot MTA group showed the highest dentin sialophosphoprotein levels (not significant; p > 0.05). In conclusion, various pulp capping materials, except Dycal, exhibited biological properties favorable to hDPSC viability. ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC promoted higher Runx2 expression than Biodentine. Future studies should explore the odontogenic potential of pulp capping materials.
Highlights
Direct pulp capping is a common treatment for dental pulp that is exposed in pin-point sized holes created when removing dental caries or repairing clinical crown fractures [1,2].The two main purposes of direct pulp capping treatments are to restore the dentin-pulp complex and to avoid root canal treatment [1].Calcium hydroxide has been used in direct pulp capping for a long time, and it is thought to be the conventional material for pulp capping treatments [3]
Our scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation showed that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) formed a well-attached cell layer on the ProRoot Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine disks, similar to the control group
We found that ProRoot MTA and Biodentine showed better biological properties than Dycal
Summary
Direct pulp capping is a common treatment for dental pulp that is exposed in pin-point sized holes created when removing dental caries or repairing clinical crown fractures [1,2].The two main purposes of direct pulp capping treatments are to restore the dentin-pulp complex and to avoid root canal treatment [1].Calcium hydroxide has been used in direct pulp capping for a long time, and it is thought to be the conventional material for pulp capping treatments [3]. Direct pulp capping is a common treatment for dental pulp that is exposed in pin-point sized holes created when removing dental caries or repairing clinical crown fractures [1,2]. The two main purposes of direct pulp capping treatments are to restore the dentin-pulp complex and to avoid root canal treatment [1]. Calcium hydroxide has been used in direct pulp capping for a long time, and it is thought to be the conventional material for pulp capping treatments [3]. The Ca ions form apatite crystals, which stimulate mineralization. When calcium hydroxide is placed on exposed pulp, a superficial necrotic zone is formed. The mineralization process occurs directly against the necrotic area [3]. Replacing calcium hydroxide with Dycal (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) has some disadvantages. The highly soluble Dycal triggers inflammatory processes that support tunnel formation, which allows bacterial intrusion [4]
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