Abstract
To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene characteristics of highly pathogenic Proteus mirabilis. In this study, we isolated P. mirabilis CC15031 from diarrhea dogs in China, tested the median lethal dose (LD50), and measured the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 different antibiotics commonly used in veterinary clinic. Meanwhile, we presented the complete genome sequence annotations to analyze the virulence and resistance formation mechanism. The results showed that the CC15031 presented relatively potent pathogenicity in mice (LD50 = 0.57 × 106 CFU) and exhibited a high degree of resistance to all the tested antimicrobial agents. The CC15031 genome of 4,031,742 bp with 3,745 predicted genes had an average gene length of 917 bp and 38.99% guanine-cytosine content. A new variant of an integrative and conjugative element with a type IV secretion system (217,446 bp) conferring multidrug resistance was identified and characterized by structural analysis in CC15031. These data provide a foundation for understanding the genomic features and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of this pathogen.
Highlights
Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) has been recognized as a significant zoonotic pathogen, causing a variety of diseases, including diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and keratitis and considered the second most common zoonotic bacterium after enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in human medicine [1]
Since 2015–2017, we have found that the diarrhea disease of dogs caused by P. mirabilis in the Changchun area of China is relatively severe, but the underlying antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity are yet unknown
The samples were inoculated on lysogeny broth (LB) agar medium and brain heart infusion (BHI) agar medium and cultured at 37 ◦C for 12 h
Summary
Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) has been recognized as a significant zoonotic pathogen, causing a variety of diseases, including diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and keratitis and considered the second most common zoonotic bacterium after enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in human medicine [1]. It has been considered to be a repository for virulence and resistance genes and has become a potential public health concern. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has posed clinical difficulties and become a potential threat to public health [2]. P. mirabilis accounts for about 90% of Proteus infections and is considered a community-acquired infection [3]. Virulence determinants acquired by P. mirabilis induce infections successfully [4]. The acquired quinolone resistance gene (qnrA1) was isolated from
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