Biological basis of the aesthetic and rejuvenating effects in the skin after the application of the compressive microvibration Endospheres.

Abstract

Compressive microvibration is a type of stimulation patented as Endospheres therapy. The stimulation, through Endospheres, applied externally to the skin surface, causes changes in the physiological and functional structure of tissues underneath the epidermis, including adipose tissue. Cyclic mechanical stress, induced by this therapy with its particular compressive microvibration, modifies the normal cell cycle of adipose tissue and promotes tissue remodelling due to the activation of the abundantly present mesenchymal-derived stem cells. In this study, a literature revision was performed to elucidate the mechanisms through which the repetitive, cyclic or modulated/ordered mechanical input of Endospheres, which results in harmonic compressive microvibrations, can have beneficial effects on the skin and all subcutaneous tissues up to the muscles, improving rejuvenation, tissue repair, vascularization and macro-organization. It was possible to formulate the hypothesis that the ordered frequency and oscillatory dynamics can completely change the chaotic and oscillatory patterns of mitochondria alongside the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in a recently discovered complex known as mitochondria-associated endoplasmatic reticulum membrane complex or mitochondria-associated endoplasmatic reticulum membrane. Analyzing the biochemical and physical characteristics of these structures, it was assessed that the nature of the benefits of the Endospheres stimulation of tissues could include three different origins: mechanical, linked to the transfer of mechanical inputs; biophysical, related to the chaotic biology of mitochondria, the generation of sinusoidal waves and the generation of piezoelectric forces; and biochemical, linked to the sensory function of adipose tissue. All these forces are discussed in detail.