Abstract
The problem of studying apoptosis and its relations with various diseases is relevant in both biology and medicine. Apoptosis is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which arose in the course of evolution since the emergence of multicellular organisms and serves to regulate the natural balance between the birth and death of cells being a necessary condition for the maintenance of homeostasis, and in this way establishes certain relations between individual cells in the whole organism. Due to these relations cells enter different stages of the life cycle: division, growth, development, differentiation, aging and death. Apoptosis is a common general biological mechanism responsible not only for maintaining constant number of cells, forming, culling of defective cells, but also for the development of various pathological conditions of individual cells, systems, and body as a whole.
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