Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology

Abstract

Biological anthropology is a subject that draws from a remarkably diverse range of sciences to explore the biological aspects of humanity. However, it is unique in its focus on the interplay between biological and cultural adaptations. Similarly, many branches of science can be said to be “doing” biological anthropology today even if they don't use or recognize the word. This is perhaps the biggest difference between biological and social anthropology. This entry develops a taxonomic overview of the subject and explores the range of subdisciplines that contribute to biological anthropology, with some examples. It considers the historical development of the field before introducing key themes and foci. The relationship with social anthropology is examined in the context of what anthropology is and what anthropologists do. It concludes with a reflection on the current and futures direction of the subject and how emerging new techniques and ideas are transforming how biological is done, thought about, and perceived.