Biological Activity of some Control Agents and Trichogramma evanescence on the Bioactive of Batrachedra amydraula M. (Batrachedridae:Lepidoptera) on Date Palms in Iraq

Abstract

Field studies were conducted in each of the governorates of Basra, Maysan and Dhi Qar and Babylon and included a field survey for the presence of the bug Batrachedra amydraula and the sensitivity of some date palm cultivars to the infection of the mentioned insect and evaluating the efficiency of direct spraying of different concentrations of some control agents in reducing the rates of infection with the bug on immature fruits in date palm, Where nano silver (AgNPs), Alsystin, Trichoderma viride, and Trichogramma evanescence were used. Whereas, the treatment of the field survey in the province of Basra recorded the highest percentage of the B. amydraula on the date palm amounted to 53.79%. While the lowest percentage was recorded in the Dhi Qar, it amounted to 43.66%. The cultivar Al-Zuhdi also recorded the highest sensitivity to the infection of the mentioned insect by 51.29%, and the lowest sensitivity was recorded for Al-Halawi cultivar with a rate of 44.66%. Whereas nano silver were the most effective among all other factors. Where the infection of the bitch was reduced by 6.00% compared with the control treatment, which amounted to 55.03%, while the biological fungus T. viride had the least effect with a total infection rate of 18.40% compared with the control treatment, which gave a total infection rate of 55.03%. The interaction treatment between nano silver and the insect growth regulator cysteine also contributed to a higher reduction in the rates of total infection by an average of 5.60%, while the combination of interaction between the bio control fungus T. viride and the biological growth regulator Alsystin gave the least reduction in the total infection rates by an average of 29.70%. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescence effectively contributed to reducing the infestation of the B. amydraula by influencing the percentage of eggs presence, where the treatment (3 capsules/palm) gave the highest reduction in the total infection rates at an average of 6.54% compared to the control treatment, which gave a total infection rate of 55.03%, While the treatment (1capsule/palm) gave the least reduction in the total infection rates, with an average of 11.87%, compared with the control treatment, which gave 55.03% of the total infection rates.