Abstract
Cichoric acid (CA) belongs to the group of polyphenols, which occurs in a variety of plant species and it is characterized by anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Selected polyphenols have the ability to combine with metal ions to form chelate complexes that reveal greater biological activity than free compounds. In order to study possible antimicrobial and anticancer effect of CA and its complexes with copper(II)/zinc(II)/nickel(II)/cobalt(II) we decided to conduct cytotoxicity tests to estimate the most effective concentrations of tested compounds. The results of the presented study demonstrated, for the first time, that the treatment with newly synthesized CA-metal complexes has anticancer and antimicrobial effects, which were examined in seven different cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines, A375 melanoma cell line, DLD-1 cell line, LN-229 cell line, FN cell line; five bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, yeast Sacchcaromyces boulardii, and pathogenic yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. The presented study indicates that CA-metal complexes could be considered as a potential supplementary tool in anticancer therapy, however, because of their possible toxic activity on fibroblasts, they should be used with caution. Some of the tested complexes have also preservative properties and positive influence on normal non-pathogenic microorganisms, which was demonstrated in selected microbial strains, therefore they may serve as food preservatives of natural origin with cytoprotective properties.
Highlights
Cichoric acid belongs to the group of polyphenols and according to its chemical formula it is a dicaffeyltartaric acid, a tartaric acid ester of two caffeic acids
The effect of Cichoric acid (CA) and its metal complexes were examined in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines, A375 melanoma cell line, DLD-1 cell line, LN-229 cell line, and FN cell line, which were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
The results of the presented study demonstrated, for the first time, that the treatment with newly synthesized CA-metal complexes has anticancer and antimicrobial effects, which was demonstrated in seven different cell lines, five bacterial strains, and pathogenic yeast-like fungi
Summary
Cichoric acid belongs to the group of polyphenols and according to its chemical formula it is a dicaffeyltartaric acid, a tartaric acid ester of two caffeic acids (a hydroxycinnamic acid). Cichoric acid (CA) is one of the polyphenol compounds with strong antioxidant capacities It exhibits free radical scavenger properties, antiviral and phagocyte promoting activity, and it protects selected structural. According to the literature data, selected polyphenols have the ability to combine with metal ions to form chelate complexes that reveal greater biological activity than free compounds [10,11,12]. The other important and biologically active metal ion which forms chelate complexes with polyphenolic compounds is zinc. The flavonoid derivative kaempferol in 1:1 coordination with Zn(II) increased phenol acidity of plant polyphenols It may explain the very important and unique function of Zn(II) as a biologically active antioxidative compound and may help in designing new metal–polyphenol complex-based drugs derived from naturally occurring bioactive molecules [18]. In order to study possible antimicrobial and anticancer effects of CA and its complexes with selected metals we decided to conduct a cytotoxicity tests to estimate the most effective concentrations of tested compounds
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