Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Highlights
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science
The key areas considered in this Review include biological activity of ILs, usage of ILs as components of drugs, and applications of ILs in drug synthesis
In many cases, self-organization in ILs leads to the formation of dynamic nano- or micro-sized structures (C), which substantially change the properties of the system
Summary
The tunable nature of ionic compounds, which reflects a fundamental difference between covalent and ionic binding, deserves a special note. The dynamic and tunable potential of ionic compounds can be most powerfully employed in the liquid phase
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