Abstract
ABSTRACTThe findings of this study suggests that chemical composition, essential oil yield, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin essential oils extracted by hydro distillation, steam distillation and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide methods vary greatly from each other. The optimum essential oil yield was obtained using hydro distillation method (8.18 ± 0.15 %). The essential oils isolated through different extraction methods contained remarkable amounts of total phenolics and total flavonoids. Essential oil isolated through supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction exhibited better antioxidant activity with highest free radical scavenging potential (96.16 ± 1.57 %), inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation (94.18 ± 1.47 %) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging potential (68.25 ± 1.02 %). Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils was performed through well diffusion, resazurin microtiter plate and micro dilution broth assay assays. The essential oil isolated through steam distillation method revealed highest antimicrobial activity with maximum inhibition zone (24.21 ± 0.34 to12.08 ± 0.30 mm) and least MIC values (35.18 ± 0.77 to 281.46 ± 7.03 µg/mL). The comparison of chemical composition of essential oils isolated at different extraction methods have shown that the concentration of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, m-cymene and cis-verbenol was higher in steam distilled essential oil as compared to hydro and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extracted essential oils. These compounds may be responsible for the higher antimicrobial activity of Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin steam distilled essential oil.
Highlights
Boswellia serrata Roxb. commonly known as Indian frankincense tree, belongs to Burseraceae family, distributed in dry regions of India, Nigeria, Yemen, Somalia, Arabia, Oman, and Pakistan.[1,2,3] Among 43 different species of Boswellia, Boswellia serrata is a commercially important plant due to its highly valuable oleo gum resin essential oil
It was observed that extraction methods significantly affected the essential oil yield of Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin (Fig. 1)
The highest essential oil yield was obtained through hydro-distillation method (8.18 ± 0.15) and lowest essential oil recovery was noted in the supercritical fluid CO2 extraction method (0.31 ± 0.07)
Summary
Boswellia serrata Roxb. commonly known as Indian frankincense tree, belongs to Burseraceae family, distributed in dry regions of India, Nigeria, Yemen, Somalia, Arabia, Oman, and Pakistan.[1,2,3] Among 43 different species of Boswellia, Boswellia serrata is a commercially important plant due to its highly valuable oleo gum resin essential oil. Boswellia serrata essential oil is used in food, flavor, and perfume industries.[4] it has biological activities such as anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, psychopharmacological, antiulcer, antioxidant, and anticancer.[3,5,6,7] Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are produced in human body that is associated with various health problems such as ageing, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis, and cancer.[8,9] Antioxidants are the first line of defense against these reactive nitrogen and oxygen species to maintain the optimum health conditions.[10] lipid peroxidation in fat and food products cause chemical spoilage and rancid of the flavor. An increasing concern about use of synthetic antioxidants and food additives has increased researchers interest in finding out new food additives and antioxidants from natural sources.[15]
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