Abstract
The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibitory properties of five extracts from aerial parts of Salvia pachyphylla Epling ex Munz were examined to assess the prospective of this plant as a source of natural products with therapeutic potential. These properties were analyzed by performing a set of standard assays. The extract obtained with dichloromethane showed the most variety of components, as they yielded promising results in all completed assays. Furthermore, the extract obtained with ethyl acetate exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity, as well as the best xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Remarkably, both extracts obtained with n-hexane or dichloromethane revealed significant antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria; additionally, they showed greater antiproliferative activity against three representative cell lines of the most common types of cancers in women worldwide, and against a cell line that exemplifies cancers that typically develop drug resistance. Despite that, other extracts were less active, such as the methanolic or aqueous; their results are promising for the isolation and identification of novel bioactive molecules.
Highlights
The genus Salvia belongs to a large family of flowering plants, Lamiaceae, which comprises about 252 genera and 7200 species [1,2]
Several abietane diterpenoids with pharmacological properties have been isolated from the aerial parts of S. pachyphylla [30]
In the β-carotene-linoleic test, the best activity was detected in the ethyl acetate extract (84%), immediately followed by the dichloromethane extract (83%); all five extracts showed higher activity, as compared with the reference compound α-tocopherol (8%)
Summary
The genus Salvia belongs to a large family of flowering plants, Lamiaceae, which comprises about 252 genera and 7200 species [1,2]. Several species of Salvia are cultivated for their aromatic features and serve as flavorings, food condiments, cosmetics and perfume additives, and folk medicines [3]. Considering the latter, scrutiny of their chemical constituents have revealed the presence of a vast assortment of active compounds, some of them with antibacterial [4,5,6,7], Plants 2018, 7, 105; doi:10.3390/plants7040105 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants. Salvia pachyphylla Epling ex Munz (blue sage) is a perennial herbaceous plant distributed from the state of California (USA) to the peninsula of Baja California (Mexico) [28]. Several abietane diterpenoids with pharmacological properties have been isolated from the aerial parts of S. pachyphylla [30]
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