Abstract
Osseous implantology’s material requirements include a lack of potential for inducing allergic disorders and providing both functional and esthetic features for the patient’s benefit. Despite being bioinert, Zirconia ceramics have become a candidate of interest to be used as an alternative to titanium dental and cochlear bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implants, implying the need for endowing the surface with biologically instructive properties by changing basic parameters such as surface texture. Within this context, we propose anisotropic and isotropic patterns (linear microgroove arrays, and superimposed crossline microgroove arrays, respectively) textured in zirconia substrates, as bioinstructive interfaces to guide the cytoskeletal organization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The designed textured micro-nano interfaces with either steep ridges and microgratings or curved edges, and nanoroughened walls obtained by direct femtosecond laser texturing are used to evaluate the hMSC response parameters and osteogenic differentiation to each topography. Our results show parallel micro line anisotropic surfaces are able to guide cell growth only for the steep surfaces, while the curved ones reduce the initial response and show the lowest osteogenic response. An improved osteogenic phenotype of hMSCs is obtained when grown onto isotropic grid/pillar-like patterns, showing an improved cell coverage and Ca/P ratio, with direct implications for BAHA prosthetic development, or other future applications in regenerating bone defects.
Highlights
Implants are essential medical devices that provide structural support for diseased or destroyed organs
Considering recent reports on the mixed micro/nanoscale approach to mimicking features similar to osteoclast-bared resorption pits/trenches enhancing an osteogenic response [45], and the known fact that controlled geometric shapes trigger a specific cellular response [46], we propose in our study isotropic- and anisotropic-defined geometric microshapes with nanoroughed sidewalls as surfaces designed for stimulating an osteogenic response
Given that a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) bone-implant success relies on the optimal embedding of the prosthetic piece into the skull of the patient presenting with hearing defects, we investigated the interaction of laser-textured Zirconia substrates with human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, which are osteoblast precursor cells
Summary
Implants are essential medical devices that provide structural support for diseased or destroyed organs. There is still an increasing need for designing Zirconia structures to tailor the osteogenic response and study more in-depth the influence of broader types of topographies for influencing the osteoblast differentiation. Considering recent reports on the mixed micro/nanoscale approach to mimicking features similar to osteoclast-bared resorption pits/trenches enhancing an osteogenic response [45], and the known fact that controlled geometric shapes trigger a specific cellular response [46], we propose in our study isotropic- and anisotropic-defined geometric microshapes with nanoroughed sidewalls as surfaces designed for stimulating an osteogenic response. The designed structures, consisting of a combination of micron-sized structures and nanoroughed walls, are used as contact guidance elements for influencing the cytoskeletal organization and developing bioinstructive topographies that can be translated to implant materials designed for specific bone tissue regeneration, such as BAHA abutments
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