Bioinspired Redwood-Like Scaffolds Coordinated by In Situ-Generated Silica-Containing Hybrid Nanocoatings Promote Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis both In Vitro and In Vivo.

Abstract

Inspired by natural redwood and bone, a biomimetic strategy is presented to develop a highly bioactive redwood-like nanocomposite via radial freeze casting of biocompatible hydrogels followed by the in situ coprecipitation of a Si-containing CaP hybrid nanocoating (SCPN). The engineered material displays radially aligned macrochannels and a porous network structure similar to those of natural redwood. In addition to acting as a mechanical reinforcement, introducing SCPNs into the weak redwood-like scaffold yields not only a nanoroughened surface topography, a low swelling ratio, retarded enzymatic degradation, and enhanced protein absorption abilities but also the sustained sequential release of Si and Ca ions, thereby providing essential biophysical and biochemical cues for effective bone regeneration. Benefiting from the redwood-like structures and bioactive SCPNs, the biomimetic materials create a favorable microenvironment for promoting the initial adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo data showed that the biocompatible redwood-like scaffold with precipitated SCPN can synergistically promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in their aligned direction. Collectively, this work presents a novel bioinspired redwood-like material with multifunctional properties that provides new insight into bone defect repair.