Abstract
In recent years, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been increasingly employed as an implant material in clinical applications. Although PEEK is biocompatible, chemically stable, and radiolucent and has an elastic modulus similar to that of natural bone, it suffers from poor integration with surrounding bone tissue after implantation. To improve the bioactivity of PEEK, numerous strategies for functionalizing the PEEK surface and changing the PEEK structure have been proposed. Inspired by the components, structure, and function of bone tissue, this review discusses strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of PEEK implants and provides direction for fabricating multifunctional implants in the future.
Highlights
Bone defects caused by aging, trauma, disease, congenital abnormalities, and surgical resections are widespread all over the world
This review presents an overview of the properties of PEEK and multiple strategies for the modification of PEEK implants inspired by the constituents, structure, and function of human bone (Figure 1)
Produced a bactericidal effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); activated macrophage polarization to a pro-inflammatory phenotype with improved phagocytosis for MRSA Improved the mechanical and tribological properties; resulted in superior antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli Inhibit the reproduction of E. coli and S. aureus; enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and spreading of MG-63 cells; increased ALP activity and the levels of osteogenesis-related genes Promoted the adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of bMSCs; generated partial resistance to S. aureus and E. coli improved the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and collagen secretion ability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs); produced antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and P. gingivalis Strongly killed S. aureus with anti- bacterial rate reaching to 99%
Summary
Bone defects caused by aging, trauma, disease, congenital abnormalities, and surgical resections are widespread all over the world. Micrometer-scale surface modifications (e.g., sandblasting) of PEEK implants have been used to enhance MG-63 cell behavior and bone-bonding ability (Deng et al, 2015a).
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