Abstract
BackgroundDysfunction of renal tubule epithelial cells is associated with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Exploration of the proteomic profiles of senesced tubule epithelial cells is essential to elucidate the mechanism of tubulointerstitium development.MethodsPrimary human proximal tubule epithelial cells from passage 3 (P3) and passage 6 (P6) were selected for evaluation. EdU and SA-β-galactosidase staining were used to detect cell senescence. p53, p21, and p16 were detected by Western blot analysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to examine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between P6 and P3 cells. The expression of DEPs was examined by Western blot analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by protein-protein interaction and gene ontology analyses.ResultsThe majority of tubule cells from passage 6 (P6) stained positive for SA-β-galactosidase, whereas passage 3 (P3) cells were negative. Senescence biomarkers, including p53, p21, and p16, were upregulated in P6 cells relative to P3 cells. EdU staining results showed a lower rate of EdU positive cells in P6 cells than in P3 cells. LC-MS was used to examine DEPs between P6 and P3 cells. These DEPs are involved in glycolysis, response to stress, cytoskeleton regulation, oxidative reduction, ATP binding, and oxidative stress. Using Western blot analysis, we validated the down-regulation of AKR1B1, EEF2, EEF1A1, and HSP90 and the up-regulation of VIM in P6 cells seen in the LC-MS data. More importantly, we built the molecular network based on biological functions and protein-protein interactions and found that the DEPs are involved in translation elongation, stress, and glycolysis, and that they are all associated with cytoskeleton regulation, which regulates senescent cell activities such as apoptosis and EMT in tubule epithelial cells.ConclusionsWe explored proteomic profile changes in cell culture-induced senescent cells and built senescence-associated molecular networks, which will help to elucidate the mechanisms of senescence in human proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Highlights
Dysfunction of renal tubule epithelial cells is associated with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Most tubule cells from the passage 6 (P6) group stained positive for SA-β-gal (Fig. 1b)
EdU staining revealed that a lower rate of positivity in P6 cells compared with passage 3 (P3) cells (Fig. 1d)
Summary
Dysfunction of renal tubule epithelial cells is associated with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Exploration of the proteomic profiles of senesced tubule epithelial cells is essential to elucidate the mechanism of tubulointerstitium development. Aging and aging-related diseases are associated with various health problems worldwide. Renal aging begins around approximately 40 years old and is accompanied by decreased renal blood flow (~10 % per year). The decline in renal function and susceptibility to age-related. The known senescence-associated cell activities are mainly based on changes in protein components. There is still a lack of large-scale proteomic analyses that have explored aging-related proteins and mechanisms. We performed label-free quantitative proteomics and explored proteomic profiles in senescent human proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) to identify the molecular mechanism underlying senescenceassociated cell activities in PTECs
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