Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important public health problems in the world. The curative effect of traditional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited and has inevitable side effects. As a potential target for tumor therapy, few studies have comprehensively analyzed the role of CALR in cancers. Therefore, by using GeneCards, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, COSMIC, Regulome Explorer, String, GeneMANIA and TIMER databases, we collected and analyzed relevant data to conduct in-depth bioinformatics research on the CALR expression in Pan-cancer to assess the possibility of CALR as a potential therapeutic target and survival biomarker. We studied the CALR expression in normal human tissues and various tumors of different stages, and found that CALR expression was associated with relapse free survival (RFS). We verified the expression of CALR in breast cancer cell lines by vitro experiments. Mutations of CALR were widely present in tumors. CALR interacted with different genes and various proteins. In tumors, a variety of immune cells are closely related to CALR. In conclusion, CALR can be used as a biomarker for predicting prognosis and a potential target for tumor molecular and immunotherapy.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most important public health problems in the world
The expression of CALR mRNA in human normal tissues was analyzed according to GTEx, BioGPS, and SAGE databases from the GeneCards website
In thyroid carcinoma (THCA), the expression of CALR decreased and there was no significant change of expression in the other five tumors, which may be related to different carcinogenic mechanisms in different tumors
Summary
Cancer is one of the most important public health problems in the world. According to the Cancer statistics 2021 report [1], there were 19.3 million new cases and 10 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2020.The curative effect of traditional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited and has inevitable side effects. As a new type of therapy, molecular targeted therapy can interfere with specific molecules to prevent the growth, progression and metastasis of tumors. Molecular targeted therapy has the advantage of being able to deliver drugs with high specificity and low toxicity. It is of great significance to find ideal targets and new biomarkers for early diagnosis, improving prognosis and developing molecular targeted therapy for cancers. Calreticulin (CALR) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein in cells.
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