Bioinformatic Study of Transcriptome Changes in the Mice Lumbar Spinal Cord After the 30-Day Spaceflight and Subsequent 7-Day Readaptation on Earth: New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of the Hypogravity Motor Syndrome.

Maksim Sergeevich Kuznetsov,Albert Anatolevich Rizvanov,Artur Nicolaevich Lisukov,Rustem Robertovich Islamov,Pavel Nicolaevich Rezvyakov,Evgeny Evgenievich Nikolskiy,Oksana Victorovna Tyapkina,Inessa Benedictovna Kozlovskaya,Oleg Aleksandrovich Gusev,Elena Sergeevna Tomilovskaya

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00747

Maksim Sergeevich Kuznetsov, Albert Anatolevich Rizvanov + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00747

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Abstract

The hypogravity motor syndrome (HMS) is one of the deleterious impacts of weightlessness on the human body in orbital space missions. There is a hypothesis that disorders of musculoskeletal system as part of HMS arise in consequence of changes in spinal motor neurons. The study was aimed at bioinformatic analysis of transcriptome changes in lumbar spinal cords of mice after a 30-day spaceflight aboard biosatellite Bion-M1 (space group, S) and subsequent 7-day readaptation to the Earth’s gravity (recovery group, R) when compared with control mice (C group) housed in simulated biosatellite conditions on the Earth. Gene ontology and human phenotype ontology databases were used to detect biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, and human phenotypes associated with HMS. Our results suggest resemblance of molecular changes developing in space orbit and during the postflight recovery to terrestrial neuromuscular disorders. Remarkably, more prominent transcriptome changes were revealed in R vs. S and R vs. C comparisons that are possibly related to the 7-day recovery period in the Earth’s gravity condition. These data may assist with establishment of HMS pathogenesis and proposing effective preventive and therapeutic options.

Highlights

Absence of gravity causes changes in virtually all organs and systems of a living organism at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels (Edgerton and Roy, 2000)
We examined transcriptome changes further using gene ontology (GO) and human phenotype ontology (HPO) databases for disclosure of the hypogravity motor syndrome (HMS) pathogenesis and the relationship of HMS with the terrestrial neuromuscular diseases
We employed the Mouse GE 4x44K v2 Microarray Kit to perform transcriptome analysis of the lumbar spinal cord of mice flown on Bion-M1

Summary

Introduction

Absence of gravity causes changes in virtually all organs and systems of a living organism at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels (Edgerton and Roy, 2000). Fundamental knowledge of these changes extends our understanding of the human body functioning in the extreme microgravity environment of outer space and offers a clearer view of preventive options needed for astronauts on long missions. The hypogravity motor syndrome (HMS) is considered to be a severe microgravity effect on astronauts (Grigoriev and Kozlovskaya, 1991), which is why success of future remote space missions will be highly dependent on how soon we get to the roots of HMS pathogenesis and be ready to offer methods of prevention on the molecular level. An important input to this effort comes from experiments with animals that have been exposed to spaceflight weightlessness (Moyer et al, 2016)

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