Abstract
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora cactorum causes crown rot, a major disease of cultivated strawberry. We report the draft genome of P. cactorum isolate 10300, isolated from symptomatic Fragaria x ananassa tissue. Our analysis revealed that there are a large number of genes encoding putative secreted effectors in the genome, including nearly 200 RxLR domain containing effectors, 77 Crinklers (CRN) grouped into 38 families, and numerous apoplastic effectors, such as phytotoxins (PcF proteins) and necrosis inducing proteins. As in other Phytophthora species, the genomic environment of many RxLR and CRN genes differed from core eukaryotic genes, a hallmark of the two-speed genome. We found genes homologous to known Phytophthora infestans avirulence genes including Avr1, Avr3b, Avr4, Avrblb1 and AvrSmira2 indicating effector sequence conservation between Phytophthora species of clade 1a and clade 1c. The reported P. cactorum genome sequence and associated annotations represent a comprehensive resource for avirulence gene discovery in other Phytophthora species from clade 1 and, will facilitate effector informed breeding strategies in other crops.
Highlights
The oomycetes are a diverse class of eukaryotic microorganisms that include pathogens of plants, animals and fungi [1]
The causal agents of plant diseases are well represented in this phylogenetic class, with over 60% of known oomycetes characterised as plant pathogens [2]
The Phytophthora genus is responsible for some of the most economically and culturally significant diseases, including potato late blight caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae, Sudden Oak Death caused by Phytophthora ramorum and blight of peppers and cucurbits caused by Phytophthora capsici [3]
Summary
The oomycetes are a diverse class of eukaryotic microorganisms that include pathogens of plants, animals and fungi [1]. The causal agents of plant diseases are well represented in this phylogenetic class, with over 60% of known oomycetes characterised as plant pathogens [2]. The Phytophthora genus is responsible for some of the most economically and culturally significant diseases, including potato late blight caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae, Sudden Oak Death caused by Phytophthora ramorum and blight of peppers and cucurbits caused by Phytophthora capsici [3]. The effector profile of P. cactorum grants/grants/AwardDetails.aspx? MB, EL and sequencing costs were financed by a strategic NIBIO project (basic funding)
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