Bioimpedance technology for detection of thoracic injury

Abstract

Objective: Thoracic trauma is one of the most common and lethal types of injury, causing over a quarter of traumatic deaths. Severe thoracic injuries are often occult and difficult to diagnose in the field. There is a need for a point-of-care diagnostic device for severe thoracic injuries in the prehospital setting. Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) is non-invasive, portable, rapid and easy to use technology that can provide objective and quantitative diagnostic information for the prehospital environment. Here, we evaluated the performance of EBI to detect thoracic injuries. Approach: In this open study, EBI resistance (R), reactance (X) and phase angle (PA) of both sides of the thorax were measured at 50 kHz on patients suffering from thoracic injuries (n = 20). In parallel, a control group consisting of healthy subjects (n = 20) was recruited. A diagnostic mathematical algorithm, fed with input parameters derived from EBI data, was designed to differentiate patients from healthy controls. Main results: Ratios between the X and PA measurements of both sides of the thorax were significantly different (p < 0.05) between healthy volunteers and patients with left- and right-sided injuries. The diagnostic algorithm achieved a performance evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation analysis and derived area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88. Significance: A diagnostic algorithm that accurately discriminates between patients suffering thoracic injuries and healthy subjects was designed using EBI technology. A larger, prospective and blinded study is thus warranted to validate the feasibility of EBI technology as a prehospital tool.