Abstract
Organic wastes considered as a common problem in Indonesia, especially from agricultural waste, such as fruits and vegetables waste. However, these organic wastes can also converted into biogas. Biohydrogen and biomethane play important roles for future economical energy sources due to clean, CO2 neutral and environmentally friendly. Biohythane is a mixture of methane and hydrogen that produced in two separated bioreactor. The total energy recovered from two stages fermentation considered higher than single stage bioreactor. The short hydraulic retention time applied in the first stage is enough to separate acidogenesis from methanogenesis; however the pretreatment is also needed for lignocellulosic waste. Temperature application in the first or both reactors are effective to improve the yield of biohythane from the organic waste; meanwhile it needs more energy rather than mesophilic condition. Bioreactor utilization by considering types of fermentation should become attention in the case we have to choose between solid or liquid organic waste. The range results from two stages are methane 45-55 %, hydrogen 11-15 %, and carbon dioxide 30-35 %, respectively.
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