Abstract
This study investigated the batch experiments on biohydrogen production from wastes of plant and animal origin. Several substrates including sugar beet pulp (SBP), sugar beet leaves (SBL), sugar beet stillage (SBS), rye stillage (RS), maize silage (MS), fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), kitchen waste (KW) and slaughterhouse waste (SHW) including intestinal wastes, meat tissue, post flotation sludge were tested for their suitability for hydrogen production. Generally, the substrates of plant origin were found to be appropriate for dark fermentation, and the highest hydrogen yield of 280 dm3 H2/kg VS was obtained from fruit and vegetable waste. Contrary to these findings, slaughterhouse waste as well as kitchen waste turned out to be unsuitable for hydrogen production although their methane potential was high. It was also concluded that the combined thermal pretreatment with substrate acidification was needed to achieve high hydrogen yields from wastes.
Highlights
Consumption of fossil fuels such as brown coal or crude oil is considered to be the main reason for air pollution and unfavorable climate changes as a result of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and ashes in the atmosphere (Ozkan, Erguder, & Demirer, 2011)
It was confirmed that the materials of plant origin were generally much more susceptible to dark fermentation, even without any pretreatment, compared to the substrates rich in proteins and fats
A cumulative hydrogen yield greater than 100 dm3 H2/kg Volatile solids (VS) was obtained from fruit and vegetable waste, sugar beet pulp stillage, maize silage as well as steamed and hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp
Summary
Consumption of fossil fuels such as brown coal or crude oil is considered to be the main reason for air pollution and unfavorable climate changes as a result of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and ashes in the atmosphere (Ozkan, Erguder, & Demirer, 2011). Bioydrogen can be generated via several different metabolic pathways, including direct water biophotolysis by green algae, indirect water bio-photolysis by cyanobacteria, photo-fermentation by photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria or dark fermentation (DF) by heterotrophic anaerobic bacteria (Escamilla-Alvarado, Rios-Leal, Ponce-Noyola, & Poggi-Varaldo, 2012; Urbaniec & Bakker, 2015). The latter process is of particular interest due to several advantages including production of hydrogen with no light needed, the use of various kinds of substrates and that it is one of the options for recycle the waste biomass. Considering feedstock for hydrogen production, they have to meet specific criteria
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