Abstract
In the present investigation, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by biological method using aqueous stem extract of Ruta graveolens act as reducing agent. Formation of ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were subjected to biological properties such as antibacterial and antioxidant studies. The PXRD pattern reveals that ZnO sample belongs to hexagonal phase with Wurtzite structure. The UV–vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 355 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. SEM images show that the particles have spherical like structure with large surface area and the average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range ~28 nm. These observations were confirmed by TEM analysis. The ZnO nanoparticles are found to inhibit the antioxidant activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals effectively. ZnO Nps exhibit significant bactericidal activity against Gram −ve bacterial strains such as Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Gram +ve Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method.
Highlights
In recent years, a rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up a world of new possibilities for fabricating nanomaterials of desired particle size, shapes suitable for uses in biomedicine, industry and agriculture field (Bhattacharya and Mukherjee 2008)
Formation of ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques
We describe the use of R. graveolens (RG) as the reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles at room temperature
Summary
A rapid development of nanotechnology has opened up a world of new possibilities for fabricating nanomaterials of desired particle size, shapes suitable for uses in biomedicine, industry and agriculture field (Bhattacharya and Mukherjee 2008). A number of physical and chemical methods have been employed for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles including use of toxic chemicals (Hu et al 2004; Zhai et al 2008) It is believed, that broad usage of these metal oxide nanoparticles may lead to their potentially hazardous the environment which could adversely affect human health. That broad usage of these metal oxide nanoparticles may lead to their potentially hazardous the environment which could adversely affect human health Their possible toxicity could induce cell membrane leakage, warranting the need to develop alternative methods of environmentally benign synthesis route (Limbach et al 2007) An eco-friendly, concerned materials like plant extract (Parashar et al 2009), bacteria (Saifuddin and Wong 2009), fungi Most of these studies examined the ability of ZnO to inactivate foodborne bacteria (Emamifar and Hashim 2011; Bajpai et al 2010; Tankhiwale and Bajpai 2012)
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